This study is conducted to compare the effects of vaginal cones and exercises strengthening the PELVIC floor MUSCLES in women with the syndrome of PELVIC floor MUSCLES atony referring to Imamreza Hospital in Mashad, Iran in 1999. This quasi- experimental study involved 50 cases selected through non-probability sampling. Two groups of vaginal cones and exercise-therapy in three steps of before and after one, three and six weeks of treatment were trained face-ta-face using regular interview forms, examination forms, and checklists of cones and exercises. The two groups were homogenized as for different variables affecting the syndrome. The results indicated. that the average PELVIC floor scores before treatment were 4.1 ± 1.3 and 4.2 ± 106 in cone and exercise groups respectively, but the two groups signified no significant exercises (p=0.81). After treatment, the average scores chores changed into 8.9± 103 and 6.5± 1.7 respectively, which were significant (p=0.001). Also, the difference of the PELVIC floor MUSCLES power, before and after treatment, was significantly higher in the exercise group. It was finally concluded that vaginal cones, in general, were effective in the enhancement of the power of the PELVIC floor MUSCLES; it is successful, cost -effective and easily conducted.

Objective: The physical and hormonal changes occur in pregnant women, which may cause skeletal and muscular discomforts and back and PELVIC pain. If the PELVIC MUSCLES mechanism is damaged, PELVIC joints may have less stability, and the joint is more exposed to shearing force. As a result of this condition, the activity pattern of these MUSCLES of the lumbar region may change, increased muscle activity compensates for the anterior forces, and bending moments may occur, especially when the abdomen volume is increased. In previous studies, the activity of PELVIC MUSCLES in the test of active straight leg raise (ASLR) was evaluated in pregnant women without using a PELVIC belt. These belts are strapped at the level of the PELVIC ring and do not fully support the lumbar region. The lumbar-PELVIC belt can extend below the lower angle of the scapula, completely covering the lumbar region and supporting the waist and pelvis simultaneously. As a result, the whole body acts as a unit compared to a PELVIC belt. The present study aims to compare the effect of the lumbar-PELVIC belt with the PELVIC belt in the activity of the PELVIC MUSCLES during the ASLR test of the lower limb in pregnant women with back and PELVIC pain. Materials & Methods: This was a clinical trial study on 48 pregnant women with pregnancy-related back and PELVIC pain referred to the Kawsar Specialized and Subspecialty Clinic in Arak City, Iran. The sampling method was convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion. All participants completed the written consent form, and then they were randomly divided into three groups: lumbar-PELVIC belt (14 women), PELVIC belt (14 women), and control (20 women). First, a demographic questionnaire was completed by the participants. Then the PELVIC MUSCLES’,muscle activity was evaluated using surface electromyography during the ASLR test at the beginning of the study and then three weeks later. Covariance analysis was used in SPSS version 26 software for data analysis, and the significance level was considered 0. 05. Results: After three weeks of using the devices, the activity of the right rectus femoris, left rectus femoris, right biceps femoris, and left biceps femoris MUSCLES decreased in both groups who used the belts and increased in the control group during the ASLR test. The activity of the right biceps femoris and left biceps femoris MUSCLES in the lumbar-PELVIC belt group was significantly reduced compared to the PELVIC belt group (P<0. 001). Although the activity level of the right rectus femoris and left rectus femoris MUSCLES in the lumbar-PELVIC belt group decreased more than the PELVIC belt group, this decrease was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The activity of the rectus femoris and biceps femoris MUSCLES during the ASLR test decreased in both groups using the PELVIC belts and increased in the control group after three weeks. This finding shows the effect of both PELVIC belts on improving PELVIC muscle activity. However, the lumbar-PELVIC belt had a greater impact on improving the activity of the biceps femoris MUSCLES than the PELVIC belt during the ASLR test.

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the most common type of UI, is the involuntary leakage of urine from the urethra with an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. PELVIC Floor Muscle (PFM) dysfunction in women may lead to SUI. Thus, one of the effective managements in SUI is PELVIC Floor Muscle Training. PFM strength has a strong relationship with abdominal MUSCLES work, therefore, in the present study, a combination training of PFMT and core exercises is used for the management of SUI.Methods: The study was a semi experimental control trail which was approved by the Ethical Committee of Medical Sciences/Tehran University, Main participants were 22 women with proven stress urinary incontinence, VAS score, IQOL questionnaire, PFM strength, PFM static and PFM dynamic tests were evaluated pre and post intervention. The subjects were conducted a three-weekly training program under supervision.Results: Conservative management & exercise therapy is recommended as a first line treatment for SUI. The results of this study showed that combined exercise training of core MUSCLES & PFM was associated with the improvement of SUI, in reducing incontinency, increasing the score of IQOL questionnaire, improvement of the PFM strength and endurance in a short duration. There were significant differences in our variables pre and post intervention, including 60% increasing of the total score of IQOL questionnaire, 57% reduction in VAS score and 76% increase in PELVIC floor muscle strength.Conclusions: Our findings showed the positive effects of this new exercise protocols in improving the physical condition and quality of life in all participants.

Purpose: PELVIC floor muscle dysfunction is a common cause of constipation. This dysfunction does not respond to current treatments of constipation. Thus, it is important to identify this type of dysfunction and the role of these MUSCLES in constipation. The purpose of the present study was to review the previously published studies concerning the role of PELVIC floor MUSCLES dysfunction in constipation and related assessment methods.Methods: Articles were obtained by searching in several databases including, Elsevier, Science Direct, ProQuest, Google scholar, and PubMed. The keywords that were used were ‘constipation,’ ‘functional constipation,’ and ‘PELVIC floor dysfunction.’ Inclusion criteria included articles that were published in English from 1980 to 2013. A total of 100 articles were obtained using the mentioned keywords that among them articles about constipation, its definition, types, methods of assessment, and diagnosis were reviewed. Of these articles, 12 articles were related to the assessment procedures and PELVIC floor muscle function in constipation.Results: The overall outcome of the studies provided sufficient evidence indicating the role of PELVIC floor muscle dysfunction in constipation.Conclusion: Therefore, attention to this cause is effective in recovery process of these patients. There isn’t agreement to better assessment method. It seems that manometry is a good way in the medical field and palpation as an acceptable procedure can be used in rehabilitation field.

Background and Aims PELVIC Floor Muscle (PFM) training is the primary therapeutic intervention of PFM dysfunctions. In addition, strengthening some other MUSCLES such as,Gluteus Maximus, Obturator Internus, Adductor Magnus, and D2 extension PNF pattern is suggested as complementary therapeutic methods. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic relationship between these MUSCLES and PFM function using Transabdominal Ultrasonography and bladder base displacement. Methods Twenty-one healthy multiparous women, aged 20-40 years, participated in this cross-sectional and analytical study. Transabdominal Ultrasonography was used to measure the bladder base displacement. The following five different interventions were randomly performed, 1) PFM contraction, 2) Gluteus Maximus contraction, 3) Obturator Internus, 4) Adductor Magnus contraction, and 5) D2 extension PNF pattern. All participants did contractions three times with a 30 second rest period between each contraction. The mean of three measurements in each position was compared with the PFM contraction. Kolmogorov-Smirnov fitness test and Repeated Measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data. A level of P≤, 0. 05 was considered significant. Results The main effect of all interventions was significant compared to the contraction of the PFM (P=0. 0001 and F=392. 9). The amount of the bladder wall base displacement during Obturator Internus contraction and PNF D2 Extensor Pattern was more significant than the PFM contraction and in the same direction. With the Gluteus Maximus muscle contraction, the bladder base displacement was more significant than the contraction of the PFM. Still, in the opposite direction, and with the contraction of the Adductor Magnus muscle, it was approximately equal to the contraction of the PFM (P≤, 0. 0001). Conclusion This study showed that the contraction of Adductor Magnus, Obturator, PELVIC floor MUSCLES, and also the PNF D2 Extensor Pattern could increase the bladder base displacement, which could confirm the synergistic relationship between these MUSCLES and the PFM. However, this relationship was not observed in Gluteus Maximus muscle contraction.

Background and Objectives: Urinary incontinence is a distressing and disabling condition, presented with an involuntary loss of urine objectively and it causes social and hygienic problems. Researchers believe that childbearing is one of the major predisposing factors for stress urinary incontinence.Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study performed in order to assess the effects of PELVIC muscle exercise on stress urinary incontinence. Data collecting instruments were patient files and a questionnaire that completed by interviewing with postpartum women those have signs of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy. Samples were categorized in control and case groups every other day. PELVIC muscle exercise was trained only to the experimental group and both groups followed up 6 and 12 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed by kappa- agreement test, t- test, X2 and kappa comparing between two groups.Results: According to the results of this study, PELVIC MUSCLES exercise during 6 and 12 weeks postpartum leads to a statistically reduction of the frequency of leakage (6 weeks p = 0/001 & 12 weeks p = 0/04 ) and further decreasing stress- related leakage case rather than control group.Conclusion: Regarding to relationship between stress urinary incontinence and PELVIC muscle exercise, results of this study can be received as a document to health providers for training this exercise in peri and postnatal care.

SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION MEDICINEBackground and Aim: PELVIC Organ Prolapse (POP) is a kind of PELVIC floor disorders that affects the quality of life of affected individuals. According to relatively high prevalence of POP in women and the need to review the impact of risk factors in different populations, the present study aimed at compareing the alignment of the spine and pelvis and PELVIC floor MUSCLES’ function between women with and without POP.Material & Methods: A total of 60 women with sequential non-random sampling were selected to participate in this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study. Thirty women with POP who had reffered to Ayatollah Rohani hospital, according to inclusion criteria, were set asas case group and 30 women referring to the same hospital with zero or one degree of prolapse were selected as the control group. After obtaining demographic information, clinical examination including assessment of the spinal posture, state of vaginal rest tone, PELVIC floor MUSCLES' strength, and endurance were assessed. Obtained data were analysed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, Logistic Regression, chi-square test and Spearma.Results: The data showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of kyphosis (P=0.98) and PELVIC tilt (p=0.06). But there is a significant differences in lumbar lordosis (P=0.04). Vaginal tone and PELVIC floor muscle strength were significantly lower in patients compared with that in participants without PELVIC organ prolapse (p<0.05).Conclusion: Loss of lumbar lordosis as one of the possible risk factors should be considered in patients with PELVIC organ prolapse and, according to the results, the possibility of increase in kyphosis and posterior tilt of the pelvis in women with PELVIC organ prolapse is higher in a larger population. PELVIC floor MUSCLES are also emphasized in providing health care services for these patients.

Introduction: Flexibility of MUSCLES is an important factor for prevention of sports injuries. The purpose of this study is the effect of three types of sports football, wrestling, tekvando on flexibility of some MUSCLES to determine the relationship between type of sport and these specific MUSCLES. Methods & Materials: A total of 75 persons (25 persons in each sport group) with mean age of 21.56 years old were evaluated. Data collection was performed by a questionnare and measuring of flexibility of 12 MUSCLES in both sides in PELVIC and hip regions. Statistical analysis was done by t-student test. Results: The results showed that the flexibility of iliopsoas and Hamstring MUSCLES in Tekvando players were significantly more than other two sports, but piriformis and tensor fascia lata MUSCLES in football players and adductor and quadriceps muscle in wrestlers were significantly more than other two sports.Discussion: In each sports, some of MUSCLES are more flexible than others selectively. Therefore in order to prevention of sport's injuries, it is neccessory that all of the MUSCLES are streched by specific techniques.